NCE4Lesson3   NCE4LESSON3号

Matterhorn   马特洪峰

alpinist   登山运动员

pioneer
Someone who is referred to as a pioneer in a particular area of activity is one of the first people to be involved in it and develop it.
    ...one of the leading pioneers of British photo journalism...
    What they lacked in speed those pioneer pilots made up for by flying only a few feet above the ground.
Someone who pioneers a new activity, invention, or process is one of the first people to do it.
    ...Professor Alec Jeffreys, who invented and pioneered DNA tests...
    The campaigns are part of American-style innovations being pioneered by the new universities.
    In the end, the battle followed the pattern pioneered by the Russians themselves during World War II.
Pioneers are people who leave their own country or the place where they were living, and go and live in a place that has not been lived in before.
    ...abandoned settlements of early European pioneers.

The pioneer went looking for new places.

summit
A summit is a meeting at which the leaders of two or more countries discuss important matters.
    ...next week's Washington summit.
    ...the NATO summit meeting in Rome.
The summit of a mountain is the top of it.
    ...the first man to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

They climbed to the summit of the mountain and gave a huge cheer.

attain
If you attain something, you gain it or achieve it, often after a lot of effort. (FORMAL)
    Jim is halfway to attaining his pilot's licence.
If you attain a particular state or condition, you may reach it as a result of natural development or work hard to attain this state.
    ...attaining a state of calmness and confidence.

The man finally attained his goal of completing the high jump.

perilous
Something that is perilous is very dangerous. (LITERARY)
    ...a perilous journey across the war-zone...
    The road grew even steeper and more perilous.
    ...perilous cliffs.
= dangerous
．perilously
    The track snaked perilously upwards.
    ...a perilously narrow bridge.

Swimming with sharks is perilous, to say the least.

shudder
If you shudder, you shake with fear, horror, or disgust, or because you are cold.
    Lloyd had urged her to eat caviar. She had shuddered at the thought.
    Elaine shuddered with cold.
+shudder shudders
Also a noun.
    She gave a violent shudder.
    She recoiled with a shudder.
If something such as a machine or vehicle shudders, it shakes suddenly and violently.
    The train began to pull out of the stationmthen suddenly shuddered to a halt.
    The whole ship shuddered and trembled at the sudden strain.
If something sends a shudder or shudders through a group of people, it makes them worried or afraid.
    The next crisis sent a shudder of fear through the UN community.
    The word still causes a shudder among some of my students.
If you say that you shudder to think what would happen in a particular situation, you mean that you expect it to be so bad that you do not really want to think about it.
    I shudder to think what would have happened if he hadn't acted as quickly as he did.

Her angry father’s harsh words made her shudder.

court   法院
The case will be decided in court in front of a judge and jury.

solitary
A person or animal that is solitary spends a lot of time alone.
    Paul was a shy, pleasant, solitary man.
    They often have a lonely and solitary life to lead.
A solitary activity is one that you do alone.
    His evenings were spent in solitary drinking.
A solitary person or object is alone, with no others near them.
    ...the occasional solitary figure making a study of wildflowers or grasses.
= lone
Solitary is the same as solitary confinement. (INFORMAL)
    Tom was in solitary across the way from me.

He lives a solitary life and sleeps, eats and watches movies by himself.

impoverish
Something that impoverishes a person or a country makes them poor.
    We need to reduce the burden of taxes that impoverish the economy.
    ...a society impoverished by wartime inflation.
．impoverished
    The goal is to lure businesses into impoverished areas by offering them tax breaks.
A person or thing that impoverishes something makes it worse in quality.
    A top dressing of fertiliser should be added to improve growth as mint impoverishes the soil quickly.

Many impoverished children in Africa do not have enough to eat.

Alpine   阿尔卑斯山的

flea-ridden   充满跳蚤的

coarse
Coarse things have a rough texture because they consist of thick threads or large pieces.
    ...a jacket made of very coarse cloth.
    ...a beach of coarse sand.
= rough ≠ fine
．coarsely
    ...coarsely ground black pepper.
If you describe someone as coarse, you mean that he or she talks and behaves in a rude and offensive way.
    The soldiers did not bother to moderate their coarse humour in her presence.
= vulgar, crude
．coarsely
    The women laughed coarsely at some vulgar joke.
．coarseness
    The coarseness of her cursing amazed the workmen.

This sack is made of coarse cloth.

boast
If someone boasts about something that they have done or that they own, they talk about it very proudly, in a way that other people may find irritating or offensive.
    Witnesses said Furci boasted that he took part in killing them.
    Carol boasted about her costume.
    He's boasted of being involved in the arms theft.
    We remember our mother's stern instructions not to boast.
+boast boasts
Also a noun.
    It is the charity's proud boast that it has never yet turned anyone away.
    He was asked about earlier boasts of a quick victory.
If someone or something can boast a particular achievement or possession, they have achieved or possess that thing.
    The houses will boast the latest energy-saving technology.
    Frommen says his country boasts a healthy economy.

The man is boasting of his muscle.

parishioner
A priest's parishioners are the people who live in his or her parish, especially the ones who go to his or her church.

shepherd
A shepherd is a person, especially a man, whose job is to look after sheep.
If you are shepherded somewhere, someone takes you there to make sure that you arrive at the right place safely.
    She was shepherded by her guards up the rear ramp of the aircraft.

The shepherd is herding his sheep on the grassland.

linen
Linen is a kind of cloth that is made from a plant called flax. It is used for making clothes and things such as tablecloths and sheets.
    ...a white linen suit.
    ...cottons, woolens, silks and linens.
Linen is tablecloths, sheets, pillowcases, and similar things made of cloth that are used in the home.
    ...embroidered bed linen...
    All linens and towels are provided.
    to wash your dirty linen in public: see dirty.

These linen sheets feel so comfortable against my skin.

theAlps   阿尔卑斯山